生酮饮食疗法对难治性癫痫患者发作频率、血清单胺类神经递质水平的影响

目的探究生酮饮食结合抗癫痫药物对难治性癫痫患者发作频率、血清单胺类神经递质的影响。方法将2016年1月至2018年2月我院神经内科收治的72例难治性癫痫患儿纳入研究,所有患儿均在原有抗癫痫药物基础上进行至少3个月的生酮饮食治疗,于治疗后3、6、12个月时统计癫痫发作频率,复查脑电图评价脑部放电控制情况;于治疗6个月时采用韦氏儿童智力量表对患儿治疗前后的认知功能进行评价,测定事件相关电位P300及血清去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)水平。结果所有患儿均接受随访,治疗维持3、6、12个月的患者分别为72例、60例、38例。生酮饮食治疗3、6、12个月时临床发作控制有效率分别为40.3%、50%、55.3%,完全控制发作率分别为2.8%、18.3%、21.1%;脑电波减少有效率分别为50%、68.3%、76.3%;与治疗前比较,治疗6个月时患儿言语智商、操作智商、全量表智商得分未见显著性改变(P 0.05);与治疗前比较,治疗6个月时患儿N_2PL显著降低,P3波幅及血清NE、DA、5-HT等神经递质水平显著升高(P 0.05)。结论总体上生酮饮食结合抗癫痫药物治疗难治性癫痫有效,不仅可降低癫痫发作次数,也可一定程度改善患儿认知功能,其机制可能与其对神经递质的调控相关。     

2型糖尿病中个性化综合饮食护理的应用效果

目的观察2型糖尿病患者中个性化综合饮食护理的应用效果。方法选择本院2018年1月—2018年12月接收的80例2型糖尿病患者实施此次研究,根据随机数字表法分为观察组(40例)和对照组(40例)。观察组使用个性化综合饮食护理,对照组使用常规护理措施,比较两组患者临床效果。结果观察组依从性为95.00%,对照组为80.00%(P<0.05)。两组护理前餐后2 h后血糖含量、糖化血红蛋白水平及空腹血糖含量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组护理后餐后2 h后血糖含量、糖化血红蛋白水平及空腹血糖含量均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论将个性化综合饮食护理用于2型糖尿病患者治疗中。     

连续性饮食照护对预防和减少产后低钾血症的效果观察

目的:针对产后低钾血症的发病原因,制定连续性饮食照护方案,对孕产妇进行护理干预,预防和减少产后低钾血症,提升产科护理质量。方法:分析产后低钾血症的发病因素,制定连续性饮食照护方案;将300例产妇,随机分为对照组和观察组各150例。对照组予产科常规护理,观察组在产科常规护理的基础上进行连续性饮食照护。分别于入院时和产后2天检测血钾值,计算低钾血症发生率。结果:观察组发生低血钾4例(2.67%),对照组14例(9.33%),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于产妇分娩后低钾血症有较高发病率,进行连续性饮食照护,对预防和减少产后低钾血症的发生具有明显的效果。     

Recomendaciones del Comité de Nutrición y Lactancia Materna de la Asociación Española de Pediatría sobre las dietas vegetarianas

In the last few years, there are an increased number of families following a vegetarian diet, including their children. In order to guarantee child heath, paediatricians need to know the characteristics of this diet and the main foods that are used.There are few data on the medium and long-term health outcomes when removing all animal foods from the child's diet, especially at younger ages. Nevertheless, new tools have recently become available to facilitate following a vegetarian diet and decreasing the risk of deficiencies.In this document, the group of foods commonly used in vegetarian diets are reviewed, as well as recommendations for each age group. It also mentions the need to use B₁₂ supplements at all ages, as well as other nutrients (iodine, iron, vitamin D₃, poly-unsaturated fatty acid n-3), when required.A vegetarian or a vegan diet, as in any other kind of diet, needs to be carefully designed. After reviewing current evidence, even though following a vegetarian diet at any age does not necessarily mean it is unsafe, it is advisable for infant and young children to follow an omnivorous diet or, at least, an ovo-lacto-vegetarian diet.     

Iron-deficiency and dopaminergic treatment effects on RLS-Like behaviors of an animal model with the brain iron deficiency pattern of the restless legs syndrome

BackgroundBrain iron deficiency (BID), especially for the substantia nigra (SN), without peripheral iron deficiency (ID) has been well documented as a ubiquitous finding for restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients. This close association suggests the biology of RLS BID can produce RLS symptoms. Association, however, cannot establish such a direct relationship. Instead, the BID of RLS could be experimentally produced to determine if it then produces significant RLS-like biological or behavioral features. Forward genetics approach led to identification from the BXD strains the BXD40 females (BXD40f) as a putative animal model for the RLS BID. The BXD40f on an iron-sufficient diet have a lower iron in the VMB (containing the SN) during the active but not inactive period. This was not found for the other BXD strains evaluated. The BXD40f on an ID diet uniquely have even greater reduced VMB but not peripheral iron, matching the RLS BID pathophysiology. A prior report found that the BXD40f on an iron-sufficient diet had an RLS-like behavior of increased activity occurring only in the last part of the active period that was not present in the other strains without the low VMB iron. This increased activity matches the circadian pattern of symptoms in RLS patients with increased urge or drive to move in the last part of the day. This study asks first: if you decrease the VMB iron by an iron deficient diet do the RLS-like behaviors worsen; and second will the dopaminergic treatments effective for RLS also reduce the worsened RLSlike behaviors.MethodsIn sum, 13 BXD40f mice post weaning were randomly assigned for 100 days to either a iron-sufficient diet (n = 6) or an ID diet (N = 7). They were then evaluated for 24-h activity in their home cage using implanted G2 EMitter telemetry device. At 3 h before the end of the active period IP doses were given every other day of either: saline (vehicle only), 12.5 mg levodopa, 25 mg levodopa, 0.5 mg quinpirole, or 1 0.0 mg quinpirole.ResultsThe ID compared to irons-sufficient diet produced earlier onset of the RLS-like behavior matching the earlier onset of symptoms with increasing severity of RLS. The dopaminergic treatments significantly reduced the RLS-like behavior. Added analyses of the RLS-like behaviors as decreased resting times showed similar results to activity increases.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate both that The BXD40f provide a useful animal model of RLS and also strongly support the hypothesis that the biology of RLS BID can produce RLS symptoms.     

Obesity-induced testicular oxidative stress,inflammation and apoptosis: Protective and therapeutic effects of orlistat

Obesity has been reported to induce oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the testis. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the anti-obesity drug orlistat, on testicular oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Twenty-four adult male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 250−300 g were randomized into four groups (n = 6/group), namely; normal control (NC), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD plus orlistat (10 mg/kg body weight/day administered concurrently for 12 weeks) (HFD + Opr) and HFD plus orlistat (10 mg/kg body weight/day administered 6 weeks after induction of obesity) (HFD + Ot) groups. Antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly decreased, while mRNA levels of pro-apoptotic markers (p53, Bax/BCl-2, caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3) were significantly increased in the testis of HFD group relative to NC group. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory markers (nuclear factor kappa B, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin (IL)-1β increased significantly, while anti-inflammatory marker (IL-10) decreased significantly in the testis of the HFD group relative to NC group. However, in both models of orlistat intervention (protective and treatment models) up-regulated antioxidant enzymes, down-regulated inflammation and apoptosis were observed in the testis of HFD-fed rats. Orlistat ameliorated testicular dysfunction by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in HFD-fed rats, suggesting its potential protective and therapeutic effects in the testis compromised by obesity.     

社区老年人骨质疏松症健康行为和自我效能的调查研究

目的 了解北京市社区老年人预防骨质疏松症健康行为和自我效能的情况，并分析影响自我效能的相关因素。方法 采用方便抽样法选取2016 年1～3 月北京市朝阳区两个社区的109 名60 岁以上老年人为调查对象，应用含预防骨质疏松症健康行为信息的一般情况调查表和骨质疏松症自我效能问卷对其进行调查。结果 （1）预防骨质疏松症相关性健康行为方面，49.54%的老年人补充钙剂，53.21%的老年人运动量合理，28.44%的老年人服用维生素；（2）社区老年人骨质疏松症总自我效能得分为（69.10±19.36）分，不同文化程度、职业的自我效能得分比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 社区老年人运动和摄钙行为不足，自我效能有待提高，应加强骨质疏松症的健康教育普及及行为方式干预，促使老年人养成良好的生活习惯，从而更好地预防骨质疏松；同时应重点关注文化程度较低的老年人，给予其更多的指导和帮助，并针对不同职业的老年人分别开展健康教育。     

推进“健康中国”行动的以点带面策略研究

推进“健康中国”行动要落脚在个人健康行动上,而发动自我健康行动的根本动力是责任,责任动力带动利益动力形成供需两端发力,并通过社会协同,以社区卫生服务为抓手,通过家庭医生签约服务对社区家庭健康负责,指导和管理家庭及个人健康行动,以点带面推动“健康中国”行动呈现全民健康行动的局面。